考研词汇futile怎么翻译?

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futile 英 [ˈfjuːtaɪl] 美 [ˈfjuːtl]

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外刊例句

In 1909, Norman Angell wrote a book called “The Great Illusion” which posited that war between nations would be futile because of their economic interdependence. Five years later, war broke out anyway.

1909年,诺曼·安吉尔在《大幻觉》一书中表示,国家之间的战争是徒劳的,因为它们的经济相互依赖。五年后,战争还是爆发了。

——《经济学人》

After a few final tries to control the ball, they tripped over themselves and realized their efforts were futile.

在最后的几次控球尝试之后,他们绊倒了自己,并意识到他们的努力是徒劳的。

——《纽约时报》

基本释义

[adjective] incapable of producing any useful result; pointless

[形容词] 不能产生任何有用的结果的;无意义的

深入解读

Futile 一词16世纪中期经古法语 futile 或直接源自拉丁语 futilis, futtilis (徒劳的、无用的,字面意思“很容易倒出来的、很容易倒空的”)进入英语,也是用来表示“徒劳的、徒然的”或“无用的、无效的”,常意味着完完全全的失败或所做之事并不明智,且多是基于显而易见的原则推理而作出来的判断,比如:

她生气地甩开他。她知道跟他讲道理一点用都没有。

She shrugged him away angrily. She knew that it's completely futile trying to reason with him.

他必须接受这样一个事实:要想阻止历史潮流总是徒劳的。

He must reconcile himself to the fact that it is always futile to try to hold back the progress of history.

既然做的是一些白费劲的事情,那么反过来,也可以用 futile 形容事情“不重要的、微不足道的”,以及形容人“忙于小事的、缺乏目的的”甚至是“愚蠢的”,比如:

他们决心设法把自己从庸碌的生活中解放出来。

They were determined to contrive a way to free themselves from the futile life.

名著用例

Ugly and futile: lean neck and tangled hair and a stain of ink, a snail's bed.

长得丑,而且没出息,细细的脖颈,其乱如麻的头发,一抹墨水渍,蜗牛窝。

出自爱尔兰现代主义作家詹姆斯·乔伊斯(James Joyce)于1922年出版的长篇小说《尤利西斯》(Ulysses)。参见:名著下载 | 尤利西斯(Ulysses)

同近义词

fruitless: failing to achieve the desired results; unproductive or useless

vain: producing no result; useless

abortive: failing to produce the intended result

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